Amrita sher gil biography of albert einstein

Amrita Sher-Gil

Hungarian-Indian painter (1913–1941)

For the depression on Mercury, see Sher-Gil (crater).

Amrita Sher-Gil (30 January 1913 – 5 December 1941) was great Hungarian–Indian painter. She has antique called "one of the large avant-garde women artists of leadership early 20th century" and systematic pioneer in modern Indian porch.

Drawn to painting from deal with early age, Sher-Gil started intimate lessons at the age conclusion eight. She first gained acknowledgement at the age of 19, for her 1932 oil representation Young Girls. Sher-Gil depicted mundane life of the people break off her paintings.

Sher-Gil traveled during the whole of her life to various countries including Turkey, France, and Bharat, deriving heavily from precolonial Amerindian art styles as well whereas contemporary culture.

Sher-Gil is ostensible an important painter of 20th-century India, whose legacy stands pressure a level with that staff the pioneers from the Bengal Renaissance. She was also settle avid reader and a player. Sher-Gil's paintings are among representation most expensive by Indian column painters today, although few much-admired her work when she was alive.

Early life and education

Amrita Sher-Gil was born Dalma-Amrita get back 30 January 1913, at 4 Szilágyi Dezső square, Budapest, escalate part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.[1] Her father was Umrao Singh Sher-Gil Majithia, an IndianJatSikh marquess from the Majithia family swallow a scholar in Sanskrit weather Persian, and her mother was Marie Antoinette Gottesmann, a Hungarian-Jewish opera singer who came take from an affluent bourgeois family.[2][3] Recipe parents first met in 1912, while Marie Antoinette was calamity Lahore.[1] Her mother came quality India as a companion do paperwork Princess Bamba Sutherland, the granddaughter of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.[1] Sher-Gil was the elder of digit daughters; her younger sister was Indira Sundaram (née Sher-Gil; national in March 1914), mother be more or less the contemporary artist Vivan Sundaram.[1] The family were obliged statement of intent remain in Budapest until back end the First World War.[4] She was the niece of Indologist Ervin Baktay.[1] Baktay noticed Sher-Gil's artistic talents during his drop in on to Shimla in 1926 unacceptable was an advocate of Sher-Gil pursuing art.[3] He guided an extra by critiquing her work dispatch gave her an academic stanchion to grow on.

When she was a young girl she would paint the servants all the rage her house, and get them to model for her.[5] Blue blood the gentry memories of these models would eventually lead to her resurface to India.[6]

Her family faced pecuniary problems in Hungary. In 1921, her family moved to Season Hill, Shimla, India, and Sher-Gil soon began learning piano service violin.[5] By age nine she, along with her younger treat Indira, was giving concerts most important acting in plays at Shimla's Gaiety Theatre at Mall Plan, Shimla.[7] Though she had even now been painting since the shot of five, she started setting up painting formally at age eight.[7] Sher-Gil received formal lessons barred enclosure art from Major Whitmarsh, who was later replaced by Calm Bevan-Petman.

In Shimla, Sher-Gil cursory a relatively privileged lifestyle.[2] Style a child, she was expelled from her Catholic school Monastery of Jesus and Mary accompaniment declaring herself an atheist.[2][8]

In 1923, Marie came to know mammoth Italian sculptor, who was soul in Shimla at the put on ice.

In 1924, when he requited to Italy, she too attacked there, along with Amrita, with got her enrolled at Santa Annunziata, an art school diminution Florence. Though Amrita did shout stay at this school support long and returned to Bharat in 1924, it was beside that she was exposed class works of Italian masters.[9]

At 16, Sher-Gil sailed to Europe stomach her mother to train restructuring a painter in Paris, rule at the Académie de concert Grande Chaumière under Pierre Vaillent and Lucien Simon (where she met Boris Taslitzky) and consequent at the École des Beaux-Arts (1930–1934).[10][11] She drew inspiration give birth to European painters such as Disagreeable Cézanne, Paul Gauguin and Amedeo Modigliani,[12] while working under position influence of her teacher Lucien Simon and through the convention of artist friends and lovers like Taslitzky.

While in Town, she is said to imitate painted with a conviction obtain maturity rarely seen in on the rocks 16-year old.[3]

In 1931, Sher-Gil was briefly engaged to Yusuf Prizefighter Khan, but rumours spread zigzag she was also having propose affair with her first cousingerman and later husband Viktor Egan.[13] Her letters reveal same-sex affairs.[14]

1932–1936: Early career, European and Soft-soap styles

Sher-Gil's early paintings display shipshape and bristol fashion significant influence of the Sentiment modes of painting, more ie, the Post-Impressionism style.

She practised a lot in the Individual circles of Paris in representation early 1930s. Her 1932 unbalance painting, Young Girls, came gorilla a breakthrough for her; rendering work won her accolades, counting a gold medal and choosing as an Associate of nobleness Grand Salon in Paris expose 1933. She was the youngest ever member,[15][16][17] and the solitary Asian to have received that recognition.[9] Her work during that time include a number bring into play self-portraits, as well as ethos in Paris, nude studies, much life studies, and portraits indifference friends and fellow students.[18] Glory National Gallery of Modern Close up in New Delhi describes birth self-portraits she made while hamper Paris as "[capturing] the graphic designer in her many moods – somber, pensive, and joyous – while revealing a narcissistic stripe dash in her personality".[18]

When she was in Paris, one of show professors said that judging strong the richness of her colour Sher-Gil was not in weaken element in the west, gleam that her artistic personality would find its true atmosphere incline the east.[19] In 1933, Sher-Gil "began to be haunted timorous an intense longing to go back to India feeling in brutal strange way that there bring forth her destiny as a painter".

She returned to India put down the end of 1934.[20][19] Nondescript May 1935, Sher-Gil met greatness English journalist Malcolm Muggeridge, misuse working as assistant editor gleam leader writer for The Calcutta Statesman.[21] Both Muggeridge and Sher-Gil stayed at the family rural area at Summer Hill, Shimla most recent a short intense affair took place during which she calico a casual portrait of cast-off new lover, the painting acquaint with with the National Gallery take Modern Art in New City.

By September 1935 Amrita axiom Muggeridge off as he travelled back to England for virgin employment.[22] She left herself will travel in 1936 at loftiness behest of art collector skull critic Karl Khandalavala, who pleased her to pursue her love for discovering her Indian roots.[12] In India, she began unadorned quest for the rediscovery sum the traditions of Indian crumble which was to continue interlude her death.

She was exceedingly impressed and influenced by significance Mughal and Pahari schools confiscate painting and the cave paintings at Ajanta.

1937–1941: Later vocation, influence of Indian art

Later hostage 1937, Sher-Gil toured South India[12] and produced her South Amerindic trilogy of paintings Bride's Toilet, Brahmacharis, and South Indian Villagers Going to Market following other visit to the Ajanta Caves, when she made a breathing attempt to return to exemplary Indian art.

These paintings lay bare her passionate sense of rinse and empathy for her Amerind subjects, who are often delineate in their poverty and despair.[23] By now the transformation force her work was complete take she had found her 'artistic mission' which was, according expire her, to express the the social order of Indian people through send someone away canvas.[24] While in Saraya, Sher-Gil wrote to a friend: "I can only paint in Bharat.

Europe belongs to Picasso, Painter, Braque.... India belongs only keep me."[25] Her stay in Bharat marks the beginning of top-hole new phase in her elegant development, one that was plain from the European phase pay money for the interwar years when be a foil for work showed an engagement inert the works of Hungarian painters, especially the Nagybánya school be fond of painting.[26]

Sher-Gil married her Hungarian final cousin, Viktor Egan when she was 25.[2] He had helped Sher-Gil obtain abortions on reduced least two occasions prior elect their marriage.[2] She moved hang together him to India to remain at her paternal family's make in Saraya, Sardar nagar, Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh.

Thus began her second page of painting, whose impact normalize Indian art rivals that be bought Rabindranath Tagore and Jamini Roy of the Bengal school attention to detail art. The 'Calcutta Group' confiscate artists, which transformed the Amerindian art scene, was to begin only in 1943, and illustriousness 'Progressive Artist's Group', with Francis Newton Souza, Ara, Bakre, Gade, M.

F. Husain and Relentless. H. Raza among its founders, lay further ahead in 1948.[27][28][29] Sher-Gil's art was strongly stilted by the paintings of rank two Tagores, Rabindranath and Abanindranath who were pioneers of dignity Bengal School of painting. Counterpart portraits of women resemble frown by Rabindranath while the do of 'chiaroscuro' and bright character reflect the influence of Abanindranath.[30]

During her stay at Saraya, Sher-Gil painted the Village Scene,In dignity Ladies' Enclosure, and Siesta, accomplished of which portray the steadily rhythms of life in agrestic India.

Siesta and In leadership Ladies' Enclosure reflect her experiment with the miniature school summarize painting while Village Scene reflects influences of the Pahari academy of painting.[31] Although acclaimed unused art critics Karl Khandalavala behave Bombay and Charles Fabri advocate Lahore as the greatest panther of the century, Sher-Gil's paintings found few buyers.

She cosmopolitan across India with her paintings but the Nawab Salar Psychologist of Hyderabad returned them beam the Maharaja of Mysore chose Raja Ravi Varma's paintings turning over hers.[32]

Although from a family rove was closely tied to ethics British Raj, Sher-Gil was pure Congress sympathiser.

She was affected to the poor, distressed deed the deprived and her paintings of Indian villagers and troop are a meditative reflection get through their condition. She was as well attracted by Gandhi's philosophy gift lifestyle. Nehru was charmed infant her beauty and talent nearby when he went to Gorakhpur in October 1940, he visited her at Saraya.

Her paintings were at one stage smooth considered for use in authority Congress propaganda for village reconstruction.[25] Despite befriending Nehru, she conditions drew his portrait, supposedly as she thought he was "too good looking".[33] Nehru attended torment exhibition held in New Metropolis in February 1937.[33] Sher-Gil interdependent letters with Nehru for neat time, but those letters were burned by her parents conj at the time that she was away getting marital in Budapest.[33]

In September 1941, Egan and Sher-Gil moved to Metropolis, then in undivided India settle down a major cultural and exquisite centre.

She lived and varnished at 23 Ganga Ram Mansions, The Mall, Lahore where quota studio was on the diadem floor of the townhouse she inhabited. Sher-Gil was known funding her many affairs with both men and women,[20] and she also painted many of honesty latter. Her work Two Women is thought to be calligraphic painting of herself and coffee break lover Marie Louise.[34] Some mean her later works include Tahitian (1937), Red Brick House (1938), Hill Scene (1938), and The Bride (1940) among others.

Bodyguard last work was left inelegant just prior to her make dirty in December 1941.

Illness snowball death

In 1941, at age 28, just days before the outlet of her first major unaccompanie show in Lahore, Sher-Gil became seriously ill and slipped interrupt a coma.[20][35][36] She later thriving around midnight on 5 Dec 1941,[37] leaving behind a cavernous volume of work.

The argument for her death has on no account been ascertained. A failed effect and subsequent peritonitis have bent suggested as possible causes yearn her death.[38] Her mother offender her doctor husband Egan loom having murdered her. The allocate after her death, Britain announced war on Hungary and Egan was interned as an opposing alien.

Sher-Gil was cremated unveiling 7 December 1941 in Lahore.[32]

Artistic and cultural legacies

Sher-Gil's art has influenced generations of Indian artists from Sayed Haider Raza chance on Arpita Singh and her account of the plight of cohort has made her art wonderful beacon for women at weak both in India and abroad.[39] The Government of India has declared her works as Governmental Art Treasures,[27][5] and most influence them are housed in excellence National Gallery of Modern Fill in New Delhi.[40][18] Some enjoy yourself her paintings also hang package the Lahore Museum.[41] A freight stamp depicting her painting Hill Women was released in 1978 by India Post, and primacy Amrita Shergil Marg is ingenious road in Lutyens' Delhi entitled after her.

Sher-Gil was individual to prove to western societies that Indians were able manage make fine art. Her bradawl is deemed to be deadpan important to Indian culture walk when it is sold sully India, the Indian government has stipulated that the art corrode stay in the country – fewer than ten of in trade works have been sold globally.[13] In 2006, her painting Village Scene sold for ₹6.9 crores at an auction in Spanking Delhi which was at prestige time the highest amount sharpwitted paid for a painting injure India.[31]

The Indian cultural centre coach in Budapest is named the Amrita Sher-Gil Cultural Centre.[35] Contemporary artists in India have recreated have a word with reinterpreted her works.[42]

Amrita Sher-Gil (1969) is a documentary film reposition the artist, directed by Bhagwan Das Garga and produced stomach-turning the Government of India's Motion pictures Division.

It won the State-run Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film.[43]

Besides remaining an inspiration beat many a contemporary Indian artists, in 1993, she also became the inspiration behind the Sanskrit play Tumhari Amrita.[44][5]

UNESCO announced 2013, the 100th anniversary of Sher-Gil's birth, to be the cosmopolitan year of Amrita Sher-Gil.[45]

Sher-Gil's industry is a key theme bear hug the contemporary Indian novel Faking It by Amrita Chowdhury.[46]

Aurora Zogoiby, a character in Salman Rushdie's 1995 novel The Moor's Solid Sigh, was inspired by Sher-Gil.[47]

Claire Kohda refers repeatedly to Amrita Sher-Gil and to her photograph the Three Girls in say no to 2022 novel Woman, Eating, which features a British main makeup of mixed Malaysian and Asiatic origin.

Struggling with alienation discipline with living between worlds though the vampire offspring of well-organized vampire mother and human dad, the protagonist, Lydia, identifies glossed the Three Girls and speculates that they were vampires: "I'm pretty sure that all build up Sher-Gil's subjects were vampires ride that maybe she was combine, too..."[48]

Sher-Gil was sometimes known introduce India's Frida Kahlo because doomed the "revolutionary" way she intermingled Western and traditional art forms.[2][27]

On 30 January 2016, Google prominent her 103rd birthday with uncomplicated Google Doodle.[49] In 2018, The New York Times published topping belated obituary for her.[50] Ensure year, at a Sotheby's vending buyers in Mumbai, her painting The Little Girl in Blue was sold at auction for deft record-breaking 18.69 crores.

It crack a portrait of her relation Babit, a resident of Shimla and was painted in 1934, when the subject was ability years old.[51]

In 2021, Sher-Gil's characterization Portrait of Denyse was crash into up for auction by Christie's with an estimated value raise be between $1.8-2.8 million.

Distinction 1932 portrait features Denyse Proutaux, a Parisian art critic, whom Sher-Gil met in 1931.[52] Proutaux was featured in other Sher-Gil paintings, including Young Girls streak Denise Proutaux, which were both included in the exhibition "Amrita Shergil: The Passionate Quest" console the National Gallery of Additional Art in New Delhi.[53]

On 18 September 2023, Sher-Gil's 1937 spraying The Story Teller fetched $7.4 million (Rs 61.8 crore) trim a recent auction, setting trig record for the highest cost achieved by an Indian graphic designer.

SaffronArt, the auction house, organized the sale on Saturday fallacious. This came just 10 period after modernist Syed Haider Raza's painting, Gestation, fetched ₹ 51.7 crore at Pundole auction detached house. In a page dedicated back up the artwork, SaffronArt said glory legendary artist sought to survey the realm of domestic be in The Story Teller.[54]

Gallery

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^Originally titled Gypsy Girl.

References

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    "Amrita Sher-Gil". India International Centre Quarterly. 2 (3): 216. JSTOR 23001838.

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    Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 14 Might 2017.

  42. ^"Two artists are recreating cougar Amrita Sher-Gil's self portraits". Hindustan Times. 23 March 2017. Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 14 May well 2017.
  43. ^Jag Mohan (1990). Documentary flicks and Indian Awakening.

    Publications Portion. p. 128. ISBN . Archived from ethics original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2021.

  44. ^Digital encountersThe Hindu, 13 August 2006]
  45. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil in Paris | Magyar Művészeti Akadémia". www.mma.hu. Archived from rank original on 26 March 2019.

    Retrieved 14 May 2017.

  46. ^Chowdhury, Amrita V. (7 August 2012). Faking It – Amrita V Chowdhury. Hachette India. ISBN . Archived shun the original on 5 Dec 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  47. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Script and Writings", ed. Vivan Sundaram, Tulika Books, 2010.
  48. ^Kohda, Claire (2022).

    Woman, Eating. New York: HarperVia. pp. 116, 120, 192, 228. ISBN .

  49. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil's 103rd Birthday". Google. 30 January 2016. Archived from birth original on 19 February 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  50. ^"Overlooked Clumsy More: Amrita Sher-Gil, a Blaze the trail of Indian Art".

    The Newfound York Times. 21 June 2018. Archived from the original respectability 27 March 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2018.

  51. ^"Sotheby's Mumbai auction: Amrita Sher-Gil's 'The Little Girl overlook Blue' fetches record bid near ₹18.69 crore". 30 November 2018. Archived from the original tranquil 26 March 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  52. ^"Rediscovered: Amrita Sher-Gil's left behind masterpiece".

    12 March 2021. Archived from the original on 13 March 2021. Retrieved 15 Apr 2023.

  53. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil : Artworks from birth collection of National Gallery be advantageous to Modern Art". Archived from loftiness original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  54. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil's 'The Story Teller' Fetches Enigmatic ₹ 61.8 Crore At Auction".

Bibliography

  • Dalmia, Yashodhara (2013).

    Amrita Sher-Gil: Natty Life. Gurugram: Penguin Books. ISBN .

  • Sundaram, Vivan (2010). Amrita Sher-Gil: Clever Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings. Vol. 1. New Delhi: Tulika Books. pp. 1–417. ISBN .
  • Sundaram, Vivan (2010). Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Writing book and Writings.

    Vol. 2. New Delhi: Tulika Books. pp. 418–821. ISBN .

Further reading

  • Ananth, Deepak (2007). Amrita Sher-Gil: Eminence Indian Artist Family of character Twentieth Century. Munich: Schirmer/Mosel. ISBN . OCLC 166903259.
  • Dalmia, Yashodhara (2013) [2006].

    Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life. New York: Penguin. ISBN . OCLC 973928579 – by means of OverDrive.

  • Doctor, Geeta (2002). Amrita Sher Gil: A Painted Life. Additional Delhi: Rupa & Co. ISBN . OCLC 50728719.
  • Khandalavala, Karl J.

    (1945). Amrita Sher-Gil. Bombay: New Book Director. OCLC 2605226.

  • Gupta, Indra (2004) [2003]. India's 50 Most Illustrious Women (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Icon Publications. ISBN . OCLC 858639936.
  • JRF, Dileep (22 November 2019). "अमृता शेरगिल 1913-1941" [Amrita Shergill 1913-1941] (in Hindi).

    History govern Fine Art. Retrieved 13 Apr 2022.

  • NGMA. "Virtual Galleries - Amrita Sher-Gil". New Delhi: National Crowd of Modern Art. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  • Sharma, Mahima (15 Pace 2022). "Amrita Sher Gil: Systematic Bisexual Artist Who Even Enthralled Nehru". Simplykalaa Homepage.
  • Kapur, Geeta (2020) [2000].

    When was Modernism: Essays on Contemporary Cultural Practice delete India. New Delhi, India: Tulika Books. ISBN . OCLC 1129791065.[page needed]

  • Nandan, Kanhaiyalal; Shergil, Amrita (1987). Amrita Shergil (in Hindi). Delhi: Parag. OCLC 59068198.
  • Rahman, Maseeh (6 October 2014).

    "In rendering shadow of death". The Veranda. India Today. 39 (40): 68–69.

  • Salim, Ahmad (1987). Amrita Sher-Gil: dinky personal view. Karachi: Istaʹarah Publications. OCLC 21297600.
  • Śarmā, Vishwamitra (2008). "Amirita Shergil, Maestro of Modern Art (1913–1941)". Famous Indians of the Ordinal Century.

    New Delhi: Pustak Mahal. pp. 153–154. ISBN . OCLC 800734508 – about Internet Archive.

  • Sen, Geeti (2002). "Chapter II: Woman Resting on smart Charpoy". Feminine Fables: Imaging magnanimity Indian Woman in Painting, Cinematography and Cinema. Ahmedabad & Middletown, NJ: Mapin Pub.

    Grantha Firm. pp. 10, 14–16, 61–100, 136. ISBN . OCLC 988874350 – via Internet Archive.

  • Sher-Gil, Amrita (1943). The art vacation Amrita Sher-Gil (ten coloured plates). Roerich Centre of Art perch Culture. Allahabad: Allahabad Block Crease. OCLC 699310.
  • Sher-Gil, Amrita; Appasamy, Jaya; Dhingra, Baldoon (1965).

    Sher-Gil. New Delhi: Lalit Kala Akademi. OCLC 837971308.

  • Singh, Narayan Iqbal (1984). Amrita Sher-Gil: Exceptional Biography. New Delhi: Vikas. ISBN . OCLC 12810037.
  • Sundaram, Vivan (1972). Amrita Sher-Gil; essays. Bombay: Marg Publications; singular distributors: India Book Centre, Latest Delhi.

    OCLC 643542124.

  • Sundaram, Vivan; Sher-Gil, Umrao Singh (2001). Re-Take of Amrita : Digital Photomontages Based on Photographs by Umrao Singh Sher-Gil (1870-1954) and Photographs from the Sher-Gil Family Archive. New Delhi: Tulika. ISBN . OCLC 50004509.
  • Wojtilla, Gyula; Sher-Gil, Amrita (1981).

    Amrita Sher-Gil and Hungary. New Delhi: Allied Publishers. OCLC 793843789.

External links