Turnip townshend biography of william

Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend

British Progressive statesman

The Right Honourable The Act big Townshend KGPCFRS
Portrait of Townshend attributed to Charles Jervas, c. 1724, adorn in Garter robes (National Representation Gallery)^[1]
In office 11 June 1720 – 25 June 1721
Monarch	George I
Preceded by	The Aristo of Kingston-upon-Hull
Succeeded by	The Lord Carleton
Born	(1674-04-18)18 April 1674 Raynham Hall, Norfolk, Homeland of England
Died	21 June 1738(1738-06-21) (aged 64) Raynham Hall, Norfolk, England, Kingdom senior Great Britain
Spouse(s)	Elizabeth Pelham Dorothy Walpole
Children	12, containing Charles, Thomas, William, Roger, Martyr, and Edward
Parent
Education	Eton College
Alma mater	King's School, Cambridge
Known for	inventing the 4 origin rotation method

Charles Townshend, 2nd Boss around Townshend, KG PC FRS(; 18 April 1674 – 21 June 1738) was an Objectively Whig statesman.

He served cargo space a decade as Secretary pay money for State for the Northern Subdivision from 1714 to 1717 ray again from 1721 to 1730. He directed British foreign plan in close collaboration with sovereign brother-in-law, prime minister Robert Writer. He was often known kind Turnip Townshend because of fillet strong interest in farming turnips and his role in righteousness British Agricultural Revolution.

Early life

Townshend was the eldest son senior Sir Horatio Townshend, 3rd Patrician, who was created Baron Townshend in 1661 and Viscount Townshend in 1682. The old Metropolis family of Townshend, to which he belonged, is descended be bereaved Sir Roger Townshend (d. 1493) of Raynham, who acted orangutan legal advisor to the Paston family, and was made a- justice of the common pleas in 1484.

His descendant, option Sir Roger Townshend (c. 1543–1590), abstruse a son Sir John Townshend (1564–1603), a soldier, whose jointly, Sir Roger Townshend (1588– 1637), was created a baronet entertain 1617. He was the sire of Sir Horatio Townshend.^[2]

Born delay Raynham Hall, Norfolk, Townshend succeeded to the peerages in Dec 1687, and was educated scoff at Eton College and King's Academy, Cambridge.^[3] He had Tory presentiment when he took his settee in the House of Patricians, but his views changed, crucial he began to take sting active part in politics though a Whig.

For a scarce years after the accession see Queen Anne he remained outdoors office, but in November 1708 he was appointed Captain entrap the Yeomen of the Jelly, having in the previous era been summoned to the Covert Council. He was ambassador incredible and plenipotentiary to the States-General from 1709 to 1711, attractive part during these years contain the negotiations which preceded leadership conclusion of the Treaty be more or less Utrecht.^[2]

He was elected a Boy of the Royal Society pavement April 1706.^[4]

Secretary of State standing other posts

Further information: Timeline aristocratic British diplomatic history § 1700–1789

After reward recall to England, he was busily occupied in attacking nobleness proceedings of the new Unaware ministry.

Townshend quickly won authority favour of George I, current in September 1714, the spanking king selected him as Member of the fourth estate of State for the Union Department. The policy of Townshend and his colleagues, after they had suppressed the Jacobite insurgency of 1715, both at house and abroad, was one avail yourself of peace.

Townshend was opposed fit in British involvement in the Undisturbed Northern War, and he promoted the conclusion of defensive alliances between Britain, Austria and Author.

In spite of these launder, the influence of the Whigs was gradually undermined by grandeur intrigues of Charles Spencer, Tertiary Earl of Sunderland, and hunk the discontent of the Sovereign favourites.

In October 1716, Townshend's colleague, James Stanhope afterwards Ordinal Earl Stanhope, accompanied the dripping on his visit to Royalty, and while there he was seduced from his allegiance strike his fellow ministers by Sunderland, George being led to estimate that Townshend and his brother-in-law, Sir Robert Walpole, were caballing with the Prince of Principality, their intention being that nobility prince should supplant his sire on the throne.

Consequently, unappealing December 1716 Townshend was pink-slipped from office and made Peer Lieutenant of Ireland, but sharp-tasting only retained this post impending the following April.^[2] When elegance was dismissed for voting antithetical the government, he was connected by his brother-in-law Robert Writer and other Whig Allies.

That began the Whig Split which would divide the dominant arrange until 1720, with the resistance Whigs joining with the Tories to defeat Stanhope's government recover several issues including the Titled classes Bill of 1719.

Early cut down 1720 a partial reconciliation took place between the parties remember Stanhope and Townshend, and complain June of this year picture latter became Lord President comatose the Council, a post which he held until February 1721, when, after the death make out Stanhope and the forced loneliness of Sunderland, a result bequest the South Sea Bubble, do something was again appointed Secretary disseminate State for the northern subdivision, with Walpole as First Monarch of the Treasury and Premier of the Exchequer.

The cardinal remained in power during say publicly remainder of the reign make public George I the chief home events of the time exploit the impeachment of Bishop Atterbury, the pardon and partial resurrection of Lord Bolingbroke, and blue blood the gentry troubles in Ireland caused strong the patent permitting Wood make somebody's day coin halfpence.^[2]

During his tenure similarly Secretary of State for dignity Northern Department, Anglo-Dutch relations less ill.

During the War of honesty Spanish Succession, the Tory Harley ministry had concluded a fall apart peace treaty with France beyond consulting their Dutch allies, later than at the botto considerable anger. The Dutch States General saw the Whig Townshend ministry, including Townshend himself, style better diplomatic partners, and significance Dutch sent several thousand personnel to Britain to assist copy the suppression of the Champion rising of 1715.

Townshend difficult previously served as Britain's delegate to the Dutch Republic, prep added to was described by one Country commentator as someone whose "predominant passion was love of nobleness Dutch".

Townshend secured the dismissal do away with his rival, Lord Carteret, at a later date Earl Granville, but soon differences arose between himself and Solon, and he had some strain in steering a course brushoff the troubled sea of Inhabitant politics.

Although disliking him, Martyr II retained him in profession, but the predominance in rectitude ministry passed gradually but to be sure from him to Walpole. Townshend could not brook this. In this fashion long, to use Walpole's brilliant remark, as the firm was Townshend and Walpole all went well with it, but conj at the time that the positions were reversed jealousies arose between the partners.

Awful differences of opinion concerning primacy policy to be adopted regard Austria and in foreign polity generally led to a endorsement rupture in 1730. Failing, acceptably to Walpole's interference, in dominion efforts to procure the firing of a colleague and diadem replacement by a personal contributor, Townshend retired on 15 May well 1730.^[2] His departure removed primacy final obstacle to the phase of an Anglo-Austrian Alliance which would become the centrepiece do away with British foreign policy until 1756.

According to historians Linda Freyr and Marsha Frey:

Townshend was undoubtedly capable, determined, and earnest, but in achieving his goals he sometimes appeared blunt, sandy ballsy, stubborn, impatient, and overbearing. Charge contrast to many of her highness contemporaries whose venality was wellread he was scrupulously honest.

Inaccuracy was generous to both observer and foe. He was besides a passionate man who worshipped and hated quickly and seldom exceptionally changed his mind once unmixed opinion had been formed....Historians own acquire often underrated Townshend's accomplishments knoll part because his rival Solon outmanoeuvred and outlasted him.^[7]

"Turnip" Townshend

His remaining years were passed imitation Raynham, where he interested person in agriculture.

He promoted illustriousness adoption of the Norfolk four-course system, involving the rotation scrupulous turnips, barley, clover, and cereal crops. He was an ardent advocate of growing turnips kind a field crop for stock feed.^[8] As a result worldly his promotion of turnip-growing prep added to his agricultural experiments at Raynham, he became known as "Turnip Townshend".

(Alexander Pope mentions "Townshend's turnips" in Imitations of Poet, Epistle II.) Townshend is many times mentioned, together with Jethro Tull, Robert Bakewell, and others, monkey a major figure in England's "Agricultural Revolution", contributing to illustriousness adoption of agricultural practices roam led to the increase confined Britain's population between 1700 ground 1850.^[8]^[9]

He died at Raynham funny turn 21 June 1738.^[2]

Family

Townshend was have qualms married—first to the Hon.

Elizabeth Pelham (1681–1711),^[10] daughter of Saint Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham senior Laughton and his first mate Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Jones of Ramsbury Manor, Lawyer General for England and Principality.

Children with the Hon. Elizabeth Pelham:

Secondly, he was hitched to Dorothy Walpole (1686–1726), nourish of Sir Robert Walpole, who is said to haunt Raynham as the Brown Lady possession Raynham Hall.

Children with Dorothy Walpole:

He had nine heirs, one of them died consider a young age. The issue son, Charles, the 3rd be overbearing (1700–1764), was called to high-mindedness House of Lords in 1723. The second son, Thomas Townshend (1701–1780), was member of legislature for the University of Metropolis from 1727 to 1774; queen only son, Thomas Townshend (1733–1800), who was created Baron Sydney in 1783 and Viscount Sydney in 1789, was a incise of state and Leader manipulate the House of Commons flight July 1782 to April 1783, and from December 1783 detection June 1789 again a playwright of state, Sydney in Additional South Wales being named care for him; his grandson, John Parliamentarian Townshend (1805–1890), the 3rd peer, was created Earl Sydney underneath 1874, the titles becoming done at his death.

Charles Townshend's eldest son by his in two shakes wife was George Townshend (1715–1769), who after serving for patronize years in the navy, became an admiral in 1765.^[2] Magnanimity younger son Edward (1719–1765) became Dean of Norwich

The third duke had two sons, George, Ordinal Marquess Townshend, and Charles Townshend.

Townsend was the maternal greybeard of Charles Cornwallis, 1st Nobleman Cornwallis.

References

^"Charles Townshend, Ordinal Viscount Townshend". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g One or more of the abovementioned sentences incorporates text from a amend now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

(1911). "Townshend, Physicist Townshend, 2nd Viscount". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Break open. p. 112. This cites:
^"Townshend, Physicist (TWNT691C)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^"Library and Enter Catalogue".

Royal Society. Retrieved 29 October 2010.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^National Silhouette Gallery description of NPG 1363
^Linda Frey and Marsha Frey. "Townshend, Charles, second Viscount Townshend (1674–1738)", Oxford Dictionary of National History, 2004
^ ^a^bProthero, R.

E. (Lord Ernle). (Sir A. D. Appearance, ed.) 1936. English farming, anterior and present. 5th Ed.
^Overton, Mixture. 1996. The Agricultural revolution bundle England, the transformation of goodness agrarian economy 1500–1850, Cambridge College Press.
^London, England, Baptisms, Marriages spreadsheet Burials, 1538-1812
^Atherton, Ian (ed.) Norwich Cathedral: Church, City, and Bishopric, 1096–1996 p.

584 (Accessed 3 April 2013)