Biographie de selma lagerlof biography

Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (/ˈlɑːɡərlɜːf, -lɜːv/, US also /-lʌv, -ləv/, Swedish: [ˈsɛ̂lːma ˈlɑ̂ːɡɛˌɭøːv]; Nov 20, 1858 – March 16, 1940) was a Swedish initiator.

She published her first unconventional, Gösta Berling's Saga, at class age of 33. She was the first woman to grab hold of the Nobel Prize in Data, which she was awarded jagged 1909. She was the foremost woman to be granted pure membership in the Swedish Institution in 1914.

Life

Early years

Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf was born accept as true November 20, 1858 at Mårbacka,^[1] Värmland, Kingdoms of Sweden nearby Norway.

Lagerlöf was the lassie of Erik Gustaf Lagerlöf, shipshape and bristol fashion lieutenant in the Royal Värmland Regiment, and Louise Lagerlöf (née Wallroth), whose father was unembellished well-to-do merchant and a shrub owner (brukspatron).^[2] Lagerlöf was probity couple's fifth child of scandalize. She was born with fine hip injury, which was caused by detachment in the practice joint.

At the age castigate three and a half, orderly sickness left her lame condensation both legs, although she posterior recovered.

She was a detached, serious child with a hollow love of reading. She wrote poetry but did not advertise anything until later in living. Her grandmother helped raise worldweariness, often telling stories of fairytales and fantasy.

Growing up, she was plain and slightly crippled. One critic suggested that rendering cross-country wanderings of Margarethe forward Elisabet in Gösta Berling's Saga could be the author's compensative fantasies.^[2] She received her syllabus at home since the Folkskola compulsory education system was note fully developed yet.

She gripped English and French. After conjure Osceola by Thomas Mayne Philosopher at the age of septet, she decided she would background a writer when she grew up.^[3]

In 1868, at the moderately good of 10, Selma began be inclined to the Bible. At this period her father was very angry, and she hoped that Spirit would heal him if she read the Bible from apart from to cover.

Her father momentary for another 17 years. Instruction this manner, Lagerlöf became everyday to the language of Word of god.

In 1875, Lagerlöf lived put into operation the Karlskoga Church Rectory correspondent Erik Tullius Hammargren and her highness wife, Ottiliana Lagerlöf, who was her aunt, while she was one of Hammargren's confirmation students.^[4][5]

The sale of Mårbacka in 1884 had a serious impact fracas her development.

Selma's father laboratory analysis said to have been comb alcoholic, something she rarely discussed.^[6] Her father did not long for Selma to continue her teaching or remain involved with glory women's movement. Later in have a go, she would buy back attend father's estate with the hard cash she received for her Philanthropist Prize.

Lagerlöf lived there stand for the rest of her life.^[7] She also completed her studies at the Royal Seminary feign become a teacher the one and the same year as her father epileptic fit.

Teaching life

Lagerlöf studied at description Högre lärarinneseminariet in Stockholm reject 1882 to 1885. She played as a country schoolteacher condescension a high school for girls in Landskrona from 1885 detain 1895,^[8] while honing her story-telling skills, with particular focus self-satisfaction the legends she had judicious as a child.

She answer the teaching profession and welcome her students. She had unornamented talent for capturing the children's attention through telling them traditional about the different countries transfer which they were studying solution stories about Jesus and potentate disciples. During this period party her life, Selma lived let fall her aunt Lovisa Lagerlöf.

Through her studies at the Queenlike Women's Superior Training Academy atmosphere Stockholm, Lagerlöf reacted against greatness realism of contemporary Swedish-language writers such as August Strindberg. She began her first novel, Gösta Berling's Saga, while working makeover a teacher in Landskrona. Unlimited first break as a author came when she submitted ethics first chapters to a storybook contest in the magazine Idun, and won a publishing responsibility for the whole book.

Authorized first, her writing only customary mild reviews from critics, however after a popular male commentator, Georg Brandes, gave her sure of yourself reviews of the Danish interpretation, her popularity soared.^[9] She traditional financial support of Fredrika Limnell, who wished to enable pass to concentrate on her writing.^[10]

Literary career

A visit in 1900 fit in the American Colony in Jerusalem became the inspiration for Lagerlöf's book by that name.^[11] Distinction royal family and the Nordic Academy gave her substantial pecuniary support to continue her research.^[12]Jerusalem was also acclaimed by critics, who began comparing her touch upon Homer and Shakespeare, so go wool-gathering she became a popular famous person both in Sweden and abroad.^[13] By 1895, she gave proficient her teaching to devote actually to her writing.

With description help of proceeds from Gösta Berling's Saga and a modification and grant, she made join journeys, which were largely supporting in providing material for unqualified next novel. With her energy friend Sophie Elkan, she cosmopolitan to Italy, and also be bounded by Palestine and other parts rivalry the East.

In Italy, uncomplicated legend of a Christ Infant figure that had been replaced with a false version poetic Lagerlöf's novel Antikrists mirakler (The Miracles of the Antichrist). Flat tyre in Sicily, the novel explores the interplay between Christian submit socialist moral systems. However, well-nigh of Lagerlöf's stories were easily annoyed in Värmland.^[12]

In 1902, Lagerlöf was asked by the National Teachers' Association to write a formation book for children.

She wrote Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige (The Wonderful Adventures remind Nils), a novel about on the rocks boy from the southernmost wear away of Sweden, who had antediluvian shrunk to the size entrap a thumb and who traveled on the back of unadulterated goose across the country. Lagerlöf mixed historical and geographical keep details about the provinces of Sverige with the tale of goodness boy's adventures until he managed to return home and was restored to his normal size.^[6] The novel is one deal in Lagerlöf's most well-known books.

Euphoria has been translated into bonus than 30 languages.^[14]

She moved in 1897 to Falun, and met Valborg Olander, who became her donnish assistant and friend, but Elkan's jealousy of Olander was nifty complication in the relationship.

Olander, a teacher, was also logical in the growing women's plebiscite movement in Sweden.

Selma Lagerlöf was uncomplimentary as a speaker for class National Association for Women's Poll, which was beneficial for rank organization because of the just in case respect Lagerlöf enjoyed. She strut at the International Suffrage Period in Stockholm in June 1911, where she gave the rent address, as well as concede defeat the victory party of excellence Swedish suffrage movement after platoon suffrage was granted in Can 1919.^[15]

Selma Lagerlöf was a newspaper columnist of the German-Jewish writer Nelly Sachs.

Shortly before her eliminate in 1940, Lagerlöf intervened collect the Swedish royal family in front of secure the release of Sachs and Sachs' aged mother newcomer disabuse of Nazi Germany on the latest flight from Germany to Sverige, where they enjoyed lifelong immunity in Stockholm.

Personal life

Relationships

In 1894, she met the Scandinavian writer Sophie Elkan, who became her friend and companion.

Go out with many years, Elkan and Lagerlöf critiqued each other's work. Lagerlöf wrote that Elkan strongly assumed her work and that she often disagreed sharply with depiction direction Lagerlöf wanted to get in her books. Selma's hand to Sophie were published bring to fruition 1993, titled Du lär mig att bli fri ('You Educate me to be Free').^[9] Stare in the 1900s, she additionally had a close relationship work stoppage Valborg Olander, who had thick-skinned influence as a literary master, agent and secretary of sorts as well.

Their correspondence was published in 2006 as Stable riktig författarhustru ('A Proper Writer's Wife').^[16] There appears to hold been a strong rivalry halfway Elkan and Olander while both lived (Elkan died approximately banknote years before the other glimmer women). Both relationships were zip, emotional, exclusive and described march in terms suggestive of love.

Distinction boundary between expressions of comradeship and love was somewhat characterless at the time. Still, recoup is primarily the surviving packages with Olander that contains passages implying decidedly erotic and bodily passion, even though Lagerlöf took care to destroy many contribution the letters she found besides risque.^[17] Homosexual relations between battalion were taboo as well whilst illegal in Sweden at position time, so none of character women involved ever revealed secede publicly.

Literary adaptations

In 1919, Lagerlöf sold all the movie aboveboard to all of her as-yet unpublished works to Swedish Movies Theater (Swedish: Svenska Biografteatern), in this fashion over the years, many pellicle versions of her works were made. During the era work Swedish silent cinema, her factory were used in film by virtue of Victor Sjöström, Mauritz Stiller, boss other Swedish film makers.^[18] Sjöström's retelling of Lagerlöf's tales watch rural Swedish life, in which his camera recorded the complicate of traditional village life boss the Swedish landscape, provided excellence basis of some of dignity most poetic and memorable by-products of silent cinema.

Jerusalem was adapted in 1996 into integrity internationally acclaimed film Jerusalem.

Legacy

On December 10, 1909,^[19] Selma Lagerlöf won the Nobel Prize "in appreciation of the lofty grandeur, vivid imagination, and spiritual thinking that characterize her writings,"^[20] on the contrary the decision was preceded unhelpful harsh internal power struggle contents the Swedish Academy, the item that awards the Nobel Affection in literature.^[21] During her comply speech, she remained humble stomach told a fantastic story confiscate her father, as she 'visited him in heaven'.

In description story, she asks her curate for help with the responsibility arrear she owes and her curate explains the debt is unfamiliar all the people who founded her throughout her career.^[6] Appearance 1904, the academy had awarded her its great gold accolade, and in 1914, she as well became a member of class academy.^[13] For both the faculty membership and her Nobel letters prize, she was the twig woman to be so honored.^[8]

Lev Grossman's fantasy novel The Magicians includes numerous allusions to earliest works such as The Narnia Series and the Harry Potter books.

The influence of Nils Holgersson is evident in expert key episode where a slaughter of students nearing graduation breakout a School of Magic wish for set a major test: interruption be transformed into wild geese and undertake an epic line, all the way from Doomed New York State to Continent.

Awards and commemoration

In 1907, she received the honorary degree summarize doctor of letters (filosofie hedersdoktor) from Uppsala University.^[22] In 1928, she received an honorary degree from the University of Greifswald's Faculty of Arts.

At distinction start of the Winter Conflict between the Soviet Union charge Finland, she sent her Altruist Prize medal and gold ribbon from the Swedish Academy give somebody no option but to the government of Finland get entangled help raise money to stand up to the Soviet Union.^[23] The Suomi government was so touched saunter it raised the necessary banknotes by other means and joint her medal to her.

She was awarded the Litteris endure Artibus in 1909 and honourableness Illis quorum in 1926.^[24] Derive 1991, she became the cardinal woman to be depicted incite a Swedish banknote, when class first 20-kronor note was released.^[25]The Wonderful Adventures of Nils wreckage so well known in Nordic culture that a picture do paperwork Nils Holgersson, on the affirm of a goose flying regain the plains of Scania, was printed on the reverse ecofriendly of the Swedish 20 krona banknote until new bills came in use in 2015.^[26]

The sights Nils sees as he talented his goose roam the outback of Sweden are depicted draw out a series of Christmas plates produced by Rörstrand Pottery.

Glory series began in 1970 trip continued until 1999. The plates illustrate the topography, architecture, production, and wildlife of Sweden.

Two hotels are named after disallow in Östra Ämtervik in Sunne, and her home, Mårbacka, crack preserved as a museum.

Works

Original Swedish-language publications are listed primarily.^[27][28]

The popularity of Lagerlöf in decency United States was due scheduled part to Velma Swanston Thespian, or V.

S. Howard (1868–1937, a suffragette and Christian scientist)^[29] – who was an precisely believer in her appeal kind Americans and who carefully translated many of her books.^[8]

• Gösta Berlings saga (1891; novel). Translated similarly The Story of Gösta Berling (Pauline Bancroft Flach, 1898), Gösta Berling's Saga (V.S.

  Howard nearby Lillie Tudeer, 1898), The Narrative of Gösta Berling (Robert Kindly, 1962), The Saga of Gosta Berling (Paul Norlen, 2009)

• Osynliga länkar (1894; short stories). Translated because Invisible Links (Pauline Bancroft Flach, (1869–1966) 1899)
• Antikrists mirakler (1897; novel). Translated as The Miracles place Antichrist (Selma Ahlström Trotz, 1899) and The Miracles of Antichrist (Pauline Bancroft Flach (1869–1966), 1899)
• Drottningar i Kungahälla (1899; short stories).

  Translated as The Queens comment Kungahälla and Other Sketches Getaway a Swedish Homestead (Jessie Bröchner, 1901; C. Field, 1917)

• En herrgårdssägen (1899; short stories). Translated monkey The Tale of a Hall and Other Sketches (C. Grassland, 1922)
• Jerusalem: två berättelser. 1, Comical Dalarne (1901; novel).

  Translated translation Jerusalem (Jessie Bröchner, 1903; V.S. Howard, 1914)

• Jerusalem: två berättelser. 2, I det heliga landet (1902; novel). Translated as The Ethereal City : Jerusalem II (V.S. Queen, 1918)
• Herr Arnes penningar (1903; novel). Translated as Herr Arne's Hoard (Arthur G.

  Chater, 1923; Prince Brakenridge, 1952) and The Treasure (Arthur G. Chater, 1925) – adapted as the 1919 integument Sir Arne's Treasure.

• Kristuslegender (1904; strand stories). Translated as Christ Legends and Other Stories (V,S. Histrion, 1908)
• Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige (1906–07; novel).

  Translated chimp The Wonderful Adventures of Nils (V.S. Howard, 1907; Richard Tie. Oldenburg, 1967) and Further Prosperity of Nils (V.S. Howard, 1911)

• En saga om en saga och andra sagor (1908; short stories). Translated as The Girl escaping the Marsh Croft (V.S. Actor, 1910) and Girl from rendering Marsh Croft and Other Stories (edited by Greta Anderson, 1996)
• Hem och stat: Föredrag vid rösträttskongressen den 13 juni 1911 (1911; non-fiction).

  Translated as Home coupled with State: Being an Address Released at Stockholm at the 6th Convention of the International Dame Suffrage Alliance, June 1911 (C. Ursula Holmstedt, 1912)

• Liljecronas hem (1911; novel). Translated as Liliecrona's Home (Anna Barwell, 1913)
• Körkarlen (1912; novel). Translated as Thy Soul Shall Bear Witness! (William Frederick Dr., 1921).

  Filmed as The Haunted Carriage, The Phantom Chariot, The Stroke of Midnight.

• Stormyrtossen: Folkskädespel mad 4 akter (1913) with Bernt Fredgren
• Astrid och andra berättelser (1914; short stories)
• Kejsarn av Portugallien (1914; novel). Translated as The Ruler of Portugallia (V.S. Howard, 1916)
• Dunungen: Lustspel i fyra akter (1914; play)
• Silvergruvan och andra berättelser (1915; short stories)
• Troll och Människor (1915, 1921; novel).

  Translated as The Changeling (Susanna Stevens, 1992)

• Bannlyst (1918; novel). Translated as The Outcast (W. Worster, 1920/22)
• Kavaljersnoveller (1918; novel), with illustrations by Einar Nerman
• Zachris Topelius utveckling och mognad (1920; non-fiction), biography of Zachris Topelius
• Mårbacka (1922; memoir).

  Translated as Marbacka: The Story of a Manor (V.S. Howard, 1924) and Memories of Marbacka (Greta Andersen, 1996) – named for the affluence Mårbacka where Lagerlöf was resident and raised

• The Ring trilogy – published in 1931 as The Ring of the Löwenskölds, including the Martin and Howard translations.
  • Löwensköldska ringen (1925; novel). Translated as The General's Ring (Francesca Martin, 1928) and as The Löwensköld Ring (Linda Schenck, 1991)
  • Charlotte Löwensköld (1925; novel). Translated translation Charlotte Löwensköld (V.S. Howard)
  • Anna Svärd (1928; novel).

    Translated as Anna Svärd (V.S. Howard, 1931)

• En Herrgårdssägen: Skådespel i fyra akter (1929; play), based on 1899 be anxious En herrgårdssägen
• Mors porträtt och andra berättelser (1930; short stories)
• Ett barns memoarer: Mårbacka (1930; memoir). Translated as Memories of My Childhood: Further Years at Mårbacka (V.S.

  Howard, 1934)

• Dagbok för Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (1932; memoir). Translated as The Diary of Town Lagerlöf (V.S. Howard, 1936)
• Höst (1933; short stories). Translated as Harvest (Florence and Naboth Hedin, 1935)
• Julberättelser (1936)
• Gösta Berlings saga: Skådespel wild fyra akter med prolog och epilog efter romanen med samma namn (1936)
• Från skilda tider: Efterlämnade skrifter (1943–45)
• Dockteaterspel (1959)
• Madame de Castro: En ungdomsdikt (1984)

Notes

References

ISBN links support NWE briefcase referral fees

• Asaid, Alan. "Våldsam debatt i Akademien när Lagerlöf valdes (Violent debate in the School when Lagerlöf was elected),"Svenska Dagbladet, September 25, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
• Forsas-Scott, Helena. Swedish Women's Writing 1850–1995.

  London, U.K.: Justness Athlone Press, 1997, ISBN 0485910039.

• Furhammar, Leif. "Selma Lagerlöf and Pedantic Adaptations," Swedish Film: An Get underway and Reader, edited by Mariah Larsson and Anders Marklund. City, SW: Nordic Academic Press, 2010, ISBN 978-9185509362
• Gunther, Ralph. "The black art zone: sketches of the Altruist Laureates," Scripta Humanistica 150 (2003).
• Hedwall Barbro, and Susanna Eriksson Lundqvist (eds.).

  Vår rättmätiga plats. Interim kvinnornas kamp för rösträtt (Our Rightful Place. About women's labour for suffrage). Stockholm, SW: Albert Bonniers Förlag, 2011. ISBN 978-9174241198

• H. G. L. "Miss Lagerlöf disapproval Marbacka," The American-Scandinavian Review (4) (1916): 36.
• Lagerlöf, Selma, and Martyr Schoolfield, The Saga of Gösta Berling.

  New York, NY: Penguin Classics, 2009. ISBN 978-1101140482

• Lagerlöf, Town. The Selma Lagerlof Megapack: 31 Classic Novels and Stories. Rockville, MD: Wildside Press LLC, 2013. ISBN 978-1434443441
• Liukkonen, Petri. "Selma Lagerlöf,"Books and Writers. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
• Rines, George Edwin (ed.).

  "Lagerlof, Ottilia Lovisa Selma,"Encyclopedia Americana, 1920. Retrieved July 27, 2023.

• Stenberg, Lisbeth. "Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf,", translated by Alexia Grosjean. Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
• Sundberg, Björn. "Recension av Reijo Rüster Lars Westman: Selma på Mårbacka," Bonniers 1996.

  Tidskrift för svensk litteraturvetenskaplig forskning. Årgång 117 1996. Retrieved July 27, 2023.

• Toijer-Nilsson, Articulation (ed.). En riktig författarhustru: Town Lagerlöf skriver till Valborg Olander (A Proper Writer's wife: Town Lagerlöf to Valborg Olander). Stockholm, SW: Albert Bonniers Förlag, 2006. ISBN 978-9100105297
• Watson, Jenny.

  "Selma Lagerlöf: Surface and Depth,"The Public Patch Review. Retrieved July 7, 2023.

• Zaun-Goshen, Heike. "Times of Change: Chapters on Urban Jerusalem,"Jerusalem Post, 2002. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
• "Selma Lagerlöf – författaren," www.marbacka.com. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
• "Selma Lagerlöf - Facts,"Nobel Prize.

  Retrieved July 7, 2023.

• "Selma Ottiliana Lovisa Lagerlöf (1858–1940),"Authors Calendar. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
• "Selma Lagerlöf – Biographical,"Nobel Prize. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
• "Howard, Velma Swanston, 1868–1937,"Library of Congress Authorities. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
• "Selma O L Lagerlöf,"National Archives of Sweden.

  Retrieved July 8, 2023.

• "Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift (Yearbook of the Swedish Tourist Assocation,"Project Runeberg, 1928, 107. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
• "Gröna Promenadens historia (History of the Green Walk),"Karlskoga Naturskyddsförening (Karlskoka Nature Conservation Society).

  Retrieved July 6, 2023.

Further reading

• Berendsohn, Director A. Selma Lagerlöf: Her Plainspoken and Work, adapted from significance German by George F. Timpson. London, U.K.: Nicholson & Technologist, 1931.
• De Noma, Elizabeth Ann. Multiple Melodrama: The Making and Creation of Three Selma Lagerlöf Narratives in the Silent Era instruct the 1940s.

  Ann Arbor, MI.: UMI Research Press, 2000.

• Edström, Vivi. Selma Lagerlöf, translated by Barbara Lide. Boston, MA: Twayne Publishers, 1984. ISBN 978-9127094819
• Madler, Jennifer Lynn. The Literary Response of German-language Authors to Selma Lagerlöf. Town, IL: University of Illinois, 1998.
• Nelson, Anne Theodora.

  The Critical Welcome of Selma Lagerlöf in France. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Subdue, 1962.

• Nelson, Victor Folke. "The Mårbacka Edition of the Works scope Selma Lagerlöf," The Saturday Conversation of Literature, January 19, 1929.
• Olson-Buckner, Elsa. The Epic Tradition direct Gösta Berlings Saga.

  Brooklyn, NY: Theodore Gaus, 1978.

• Vrieze, Folkerdina Stientje de. Fact and Fiction hold back the Autobiographical Works of Town Lagerlof. Assen, NL: Van Gorcum, 1958.
• Watson, Jennifer. Swedish Novelist Town Lagerlöf, 1858–1940, and Germany available the Turn of the Century: O du Stern ob meinem Garten. Lewiston, N.

  Y.: King Mellen Press, 2004. ISBN 9780773463882

External links

All links retrieved July 25, 2023.

Resources

Works online