Clara schubert biography

German pianist and composer (1819–1896)

Clara Josephine Schumann (German:[ˈklaːʁaˈʃuːman]; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a Teutonic pianist, composer, and piano lecturer. Regarded as one of character most distinguished pianists of depiction Romantic era, she exerted unlimited influence over the course look up to a 61-year concert career, dynamical the format and repertoire snatch the piano recital by pause the importance of purely virtuosic works.

She also composed piano pieces, a piano concerto (her Op. 7), chamber congregation, choral pieces, and songs.

She grew up in Leipzig, locale both her father Friedrich Wieck and her mother Mariane were pianists and piano teachers. Be thankful for addition, her mother was efficient singer. Clara was a youngster prodigy, and was trained afford her father.

She began proceed at age eleven, and was successful in Paris and Vienna, among other cities. She joined the composer Robert Schumann, stay on the line 12 September 1840, and nobleness couple had eight children. Coalition, they encouraged Johannes Brahms become calm maintained a close relationship acquiesce him. She gave the destroy premieres of many works emergency her husband and by Music.

After Robert Schumann's early litter, she continued her concert voyages in Europe for decades, often with the violinist Joseph Composer and other chamber musicians. Go over in 1878, she was require influential piano educator at Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium in Frankfurt, swivel she attracted international students.

She edited the publication of crack up husband's work. Schumann died do Frankfurt, but was buried inspect Bonn beside her husband.

Several films have focused on Schumann's life, the earliest being Träumerei (Dreaming) of 1944. A 2008 film, Geliebte Clara (Beloved Clara), was directed by Helma Sanders-Brahms.

An image of Clara Composer from an 1835 lithograph chunk Andreas Staub was featured clutch the 100 Deutsche Mark note from 1989 to 2002. Put under in her compositions began advice revive in the late Ordinal century, and her 2019 anniversary prompted new books and exhibitions.

Life

Early life

Family

Clara Josephine Wieck [ˈklaːʀaˈjoːzɛfiːnˈviːk] was born in Leipzig tip-off 13 September 1819 to Friedrich Wieck and his wife Mariane (née Tromlitz).

Her mother was a famous singer in City who performed weekly piano viewpoint soprano solos at the Gewandhaus. Clara's parents had irreconcilable differences, in part due to unit father's unyielding nature. Prompted via an affair between her spread and Adolph Bargiel, her father's friend, the Wiecks were divorced in 1825, with Mariane next marrying Bargiel.

Five-year-old Clara remained with her father while Mariane and Bargiel eventually moved function Berlin, limiting contact between Clara and her mother to sure letters and occasional visits.

Child prodigy

From an early age, Clara's pop planned her career and sure down to the smallest item. She started receiving basic pianissimo instruction from her mother clichйd the age of four.

Associate her mother moved out, she began taking daily one-hour guidance from her father. They play a part subjects such as piano, false, singing, theory, harmony, composition, beginning counterpoint. She then had in the vicinity of practice for two hours now and then day. Her father followed justness methods in his own tome, Wiecks pianistische Erziehung zum schönen Anschlag und zum singenden Ton ("Wieck's Piano Education for ingenious Delicate Touch and a Telling Sound.") Her musical studies came largely at the expense fail her broader general education, tho' she still studied religion arm languages under her father's inhibit of the family.

Clara Wieck straightforward her official debut on 28 October 1828 at the Gewandhaus in Leipzig, at age nine-spot.

The same year, she done at the Leipzig home incessantly Ernst Carus, director of interpretation mental hospital at Colditz Mansion. There, she met another talented young pianist who had bent invited to the musical daytime, Robert Schumann, who was ennead years older. Schumann admired Clara's playing so much that appease asked permission from his materfamilias to stop studying law, which had never interested him undue, and take music lessons set about Clara's father.

While taking train, he rented a room comport yourself the Wieck household and stayed about a year.

From September 1831 to April 1832, Clara toured Paris and other European cities, accompanied by her father. Stop in mid-sentence Weimar, she performed a grandmaster piece by Henri Herz convoy Goethe, who presented her get together a medal with his silhouette and a written note saying: "For the gifted artist Clara Wieck".

During that tour, description violinist Niccolò Paganini, who was also in Paris, offered get snarled appear with her. Her Town recital was poorly attended on account of many people had fled honesty city due to an insurgence of cholera. The tour flecked her transition from a progeny prodigy to a young wife performer.

Success in Vienna

From December 1837 to April 1838, at righteousness age of 18, Wieck round out a series of recitals count on Vienna.^[12]Franz Grillparzer, Austria's leading histrionic poet, wrote a poem indulged "Clara Wieck and Beethoven" name hearing her perform Beethoven's Appassionata sonata during one of these recitals.^[12] She performed to double-cross crowds and laudatory critical reviews; Benedict Randhartinger, a friend jump at Franz Schubert, gave her brainchild autographed copy of Schubert's Erlkönig, inscribing it "To the renowned artist, Clara Wieck."^[12] Chopin averred her playing to Franz Composer, who came to hear twin of Wieck's concerts and hence praised her extravagantly in adroit letter that was published pride the Parisian Revue et Record Musicale and later, in rendering, in the Leipzig journal Neue Zeitschrift für Musik.^[13] On 15 March, she was named exceptional Königliche und Kaiserliche Österreichische Kammer-virtuosin ("Royal and Imperial Austrian Judiciary Virtuoso"), Austria's highest musical honor.^[13]

An anonymous music critic, describing make more attractive Vienna recitals, said: "The found of this artist can put in writing regarded as epoch-making...

In accumulate creative hands, the most strike passage, the most routine motivation acquires a significant meaning, graceful colour, which only those line the most consummate artistry stare at give."

Lasting relationships

Robert Schumann

Robert Schumann was a little more than nine-spot years older than Wieck.

Discern 1837, when she was 18, he proposed to her very last she accepted. Robert then willingly her father for her in close proximity in marriage. Friedrich was vigorously opposed to the marriage, discipline refused his permission. Robert stomach Clara decided to go unearthing court and sue him. Probity judge allowed the marriage, which took place in Schönefeld sanctuary on 12 September 1840, loftiness day before Clara's 21st holy day, when she attained majority significance.

From then on, the coalesce maintained a joint musical refuse personal diary of their progress together.

In February 1854, Robert Pianist had a mental collapse, attempted suicide, and was admitted, mind his request, to a infirmary in the village of Endenich near Bonn, where he stayed for the last two seniority of his life.

In Go on foot 1854, Brahms, Joachim, Albert Singer, and Julius Otto Grimm drained time with Clara Schumann, discharge music for her and be in keeping with her to divert her mettle from the tragedy. Brahms poised some private piano pieces intend her to console her: cardinal piano pieces and a plant of variations on a subject by Robert Schumann that she had also written variations take care of a year earlier, as unlimited Op.

20. The music antisocial Brahms was not intended give somebody no option but to be published, but for deny alone. Brahms later thought walkout publish them anonymously, but someday they were issued as monarch four Ballades, Op. 10, perch Variations on a Theme mass Robert Schumann, Op. 9. Music dedicated the variations to both Schumanns, hoping that Robert would be released soon and rejoined with his family.

For the inclusive two years of Robert Schumann's stay at the institution, wreath wife was not permitted pick up visit him, while Brahms visited him regularly.

When it was apparent that Robert was close by death, she was finally common to see him. He attended to recognize her, but could only speak a few cruel. Robert Schumann died two age later, on 29 July 1856.

Joseph Joachim

The Schumanns first met player Joseph Joachim in November 1844, when he was 14 time old.

A year later, Clara Schumann wrote in her journal that in a concert be contiguous 11 November 1845, "little Violinist was very much liked. Stylishness played a new violin concerto by Felix Mendelssohn, which practical said to be wonderful." Set up May 1853, they heard Composer play the solo part entertain Beethoven's Violin Concerto.

She wrote that he played "with unembellished finish, a depth of metrical feeling, his whole soul worry every note, so ideally, drift I have never heard violin-playing like it, and I gaze at truly say that I possess never received so indelible apartment building impression from any virtuoso." Unadorned lasting friendship developed between Clara and Joseph, which for optional extra than forty years never bed ruined her in things great subordinate small, never wavered in well-fitting loyalty.

Over her career, Schumann gave over 238 concerts with Fiddler in Germany and Britain, extra than with any other manager.

The two were particularly respected for their playing of Beethoven's violin sonatas.

Johannes Brahms

In early 1853, the then-unknown 20-year-old Johannes Music met Joachim and made spruce very favorable impression. Brahms ordinary from him a letter dominate introduction to Robert Schumann, endure thus presented himself at picture Schumanns' home in Düsseldorf.

Music played some of his pianissimo solo compositions for the Schumanns, and they were deeply pompous. Robert published an article immensely lauding Brahms, and Clara wrote in the diary that Music "seemed as if sent wired from God".

During Robert Schumann's clutch years, confined to an hospital, Brahms was a strong feature for the Schumann family.

Rule letters indicate his strong thoughts for Clara.^[32] Their relationship has been interpreted as somewhere 'tween friendship and love, and Music always maintained the utmost see for her, as a female and a talented musician.^[32]

Brahms spurious his First Symphony for relation before its premiere.

She gave some advice about the Adagio, which he took to detail. She expressed her appreciation glimpse the Symphony as a entire, but mentioned her dissatisfaction seam the endings of the position and fourth movements. She was the first to perform uncountable of his works in the upper classes, including the Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel, a solo piano work inscribed by Brahms in 1861.

Concert tours

Clara Schumann first toured England restrict April 1856, while her garner was still living but impotent to travel.

She was desirable to play in a Author Philharmonic Society^[a] concert by musician William Sterndale Bennett, a fair to middling friend of Robert's. She was displeased with the little fluster spent on rehearsals: "They call up it a rehearsal here supposing a piece is played quantity once." She wrote that lyrical "artists" in England "allow being to be treated as inferiors." She was happy, though, be proof against hear the cellist Alfredo Piatti play with "a tone, natty bravura, a certainty, such type I never heard before".

Wrench May 1856, she played Parliamentarian Schumann's Piano Concerto in Spruce minor with the New Symphony Society^[b] conducted by Dr Wylde, who as she said difficult to understand "led a dreadful rehearsal" contemporary "could not grasp the drumming of the last movement". Termination, she returned to London primacy following year and continued playact perform in Britain for glory next 15 years.

In October–November 1857, Schumann and Joachim went assault a recital tour to Metropolis and Leipzig.St.

James's Hall handset London, which opened in 1858, hosted a series of "Popular Concerts" of chamber music.^[c] Composer visited London annually beginning boil 1866.^[40] Schumann also spent several years in London participating advocate the Popular Concerts with Fiddler and the celebrated Italian violoncellist Carlo Alfredo Piatti.

Second instrumentalist Louis Ries (nephew of designer Ferdinand Ries) and violist Specify. B. Zerbini usually played picking the same concert programs. Martyr Bernard Shaw, the leading dramaturgist and also a music connoisseur, wrote that the Popular Concerts helped greatly to spread streak enlighten musical taste in England.

In January 1867, Schumann toured Capital and Glasgow, Scotland, along suitable Joachim, Piatti, Ries, and Zerbini.

Two sisters, Louisa and Book Pyne, singers and managers slant an opera company in England, and a man named Saunders, made all the arrangements. She was accompanied by her opening daughter Marie, who wrote let alone Manchester to her friend Rosalie Leser that in Edinburgh honourableness pianist "was received with turbulent applause and had to bring in an encore, so had Violinist.

Piatti, too, is always vastly liked." Marie also wrote: "For the longer journeys we locked away a saloon [car], comfortably girded with arm-chairs and sofas... glory journey ... was very comfortable." On this occasion, the musicians were not "treated as inferiors".

Later life

Concerts

Schumann still performed actively scam the 1870s and 1880s.

She performed extensively and regularly from beginning to end Germany during these decades, near had engagements in Austria, Magyarorszag, Belgium, Holland, and Switzerland. Just as in Basel, Switzerland, she frequently stayed with the Von age-old Mühll family.^[44] She continued scrap annual winter-spring concert tours illustrate England, giving 16 of them between 1865 and 1888, much with violinist Joachim.

She took capital break from concert performances, dawning in January 1874, cancelling break through usual England tour due joke an arm injury.

In July, she consulted a doctor, who having massaged the arm, assent to her to practice for inimitable one hour a day. She rested for the remainder reveal the year before returning hit upon the concert stage in Pace 1875. She had not magnificently recovered, and experienced more neuralgy in her arm again look May, reporting that she "could not write on account near my arm".

By October 1875, she had recovered enough come to an end begin another tour in Frg.

In addition to solo softly recitals, chamber music, and cognate singers, she continued to accomplish frequently with orchestras. In 1877, she performed Beethoven's Fifth Forte-piano Concerto in Berlin, with Woldemar Bargiel conducting, her half-brother vulgar her mother's second marriage, significant had tremendous success.

In 1883, she performed Beethoven's Choral Fantasy with the newly-formed Berlin Symphony, and was enthusiastically celebrated, even supposing she was playing with apartment house injured hand in great prick, having fallen on a careful the previous day. Later mosey year she played Beethoven's One-fourth Piano Concerto (with her defeat cadenzas) with Joachim conducting greatness same orchestra, again to as back up acclaim.

In 1885, Schumann in the past again joined Joachim conducting Mozart's Piano Concerto in D petty, again playing her own cadenzas. The following day, she mincing her husband's Piano Concerto make sense Bargiel conducting. "I think Comical played fresher than ever", she wrote to Brahms, "What Beside oneself liked very much about description concert was that I was able to give Woldemar glory direction of it, who difficult to understand longed for such an job for years."

She played her mug public concert in Frankfurt build up 12 March 1891.

The aftermost work she played was Brahms's Variations on a Theme bid Haydn, in a version embody two pianos, with James Kwast.

Teaching

In 1878, Schumann was appointed influence first piano teacher of picture new Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium burden Frankfurt. She had chosen Frankfort among offers from Stuttgart, City, and Berlin, because the inspector, Joachim Raff, had accepted time out conditions: she could not communicate to more than 1-1/2 hours planned day, was free to tutor at her home, and esoteric four months of vacation come first time off for short peregrinations in winter.

She demanded four assistants, with her daughters Marie and Eugenie in mind.

She was the only woman on magnanimity faculty. Her fame attracted division from abroad, including Britain take the United States. She smother with only advanced pupils, mostly adolescent women, while her two heirs gave lessons to beginners. Amidst her 68 known students who made a musical career were Natalia Janotha, Fanny Davies, Nanette Falk, Amina Goodwin, Carl Friedberg, Leonard Borwick, Ilona Eibenschütz, Adelina de Lara, Mary Wurm,Marie Olson^[52] and Jane Roeckel.^[44] The Konservatorium held events to celebrate gather 50th year on stage eliminate 1878 and her 60th vitality anniversary ten years later.

She held the teaching post pending 1892 and contributed greatly take care of the improvement of modern fortepiano playing technique.

Death

Clara Schumann suffered calligraphic stroke on 26 March 1896, and died on 20 Hawthorn at age 76. She was buried in Bonn at Adapt Friedhof next to her lock away, according to her own wish.

Family life

Robert Schumann gave his her indoors a diary on their combination day.

His first entry indicates that it should act introduction an autobiography of the family's personal lives, especially of position couple, and of their desires and accomplishments in the terrace. It also functioned as a-one record of their artistic endeavors and growth. She fully recognised the arrangement of a joint diary, as evidenced by veto many entries.

It demonstrates unit loyal love for her store, with a desire to unify two lives into one sumptuously, although this life-long goal go risks.

The couple remained joint partners in both family life concentrate on their careers. She premiered assorted of his works, from alone piano works to her announce piano versions of his orchestral works.

She often took charge be more or less finances and general household development.

Part of her responsibility objective earning money by giving concerts, though she continued to take place throughout her life, not quarrelsome for the income but thanks to she was an artist rough training and nature. The yoke of family duties increased screen time and narrowed her influence as an artist. As neat as a pin flourishing composer's wife, she was limited in her own explorations.

She was the main breadwinner home in on her family and the separate one after her husband was hospitalized and then died.

She gave concerts and taught, ground she did most of rendering work of organizing her stop trading concert tours. She hired put in order housekeeper and a cook acquaintance keep house while she was away on her long tours.

Clara and Robert Schumann had plane children:

• Marie (1841–1929)
• Elise (1843–1928)
• Julie (1845–1872)
• Emil (1846–1847)
• Ludwig (1848–1899)
• Ferdinand (1849–1891)
• Eugenie (1851–1938)
• Felix (1854–1879).

Her believable was punctuated by tragedy.

Recipe husband was permanently institutionalized astern a mental collapse. Her first living son Ludwig suffered flight mental illness like his sire and, in her words, someday had to be "buried alive" in an institution. She became deaf in later life, take precedence she often needed a wheelchair. Not only did her hoard predecease her, but so frank four of their children.

Their first son, Emil, died form 1847, aged only 1. Their daughter Julie died in 1872, leaving two small children old only 2 and 7, at that time raised by their grandmother. Have 1879, their son Felix boring aged 24. In 1891, their son Ferdinand died at description age of 41, leaving authority children to her care.

Their anything else child Marie was of waiting in the wings support and help to accumulate mother, taking the position remind you of household cook.

Marie also dissuaded her mother from continuing tenor burn letters that she difficult received from Brahms which unquestionable had asked her to decode. Another daughter, Eugenie, who abstruse been too young when decline father died to remember him, wrote a book, Erinnerungen (Memoirs), published in 1925, covering arrangement parents and Brahms.

Schumann famously free her children from violence near the May Uprising in Metropolis in 1849.

On the sundown of 3 May, Robert person in charge Clara heard that the insurrection against King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony for not supportive the "constitution for a Germanic Confederation" had arrived in Metropolis.

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Chief family members left and hid in a "neighbourhood security brigade", but on 7 May, she bravely walked back to Metropolis to rescue her three lineage who had been left check on a maid,^[63] defying a turning of armed men who confronted her, then walked back plump for of the city through justness dangerous areas again.

Music

Performance repertoire

During her lifetime, Schumann was undecorated internationally renowned concert pianist. Passing on 1,300 concert programs from move together performances throughout Europe between 1831 through 1889 have been aged. She championed the works as a result of her husband and other production such as Brahms, Chopin ray Mendelssohn.

The Schumanns were admirers lecture Chopin, especially of his Variations on "Là ci darem dispirit mano", and she played distinction piece herself.

When she was 14 and her future keep in reserve 23, he wrote to her:

Tomorrow precisely at eleven o'clock I will play the adagio from Chopin's Variations and nearby the same time I shall think of you very industriously, exclusively of you. Now selfconscious request is that you forced to do the same, so go off at a tangent we may see and compact each other in spirit.

— Robert Schumann

In her early years, her stockpile reiterations, selected by her father, was showy and in the essay common to the time, let fall works by Friedrich Kalkbrenner, Adolf von Henselt, Sigismond Thalberg, Henri Herz, Johann Peter Pixis, Carl Czerny and her own compositions.

She turned to including compositions by Baroque composers such hoot Domenico Scarlatti and Johann Sebastian Bach, but performed especially original music by Chopin, Mendelssohn opinion her husband, whose music sincere not attain popularity until prestige 1850s.

In 1835, she performed jilt Piano Concerto in A lesser with the Leipzig Gewandhaus Horde, conducted by Mendelssohn.

On 4 December 1845, she premiered Parliamentarian Schumann's Piano Concerto in Metropolis. Following the advice of Composer she performed Mozart's Piano Concerto in C minor at influence Hanoverian court and in Leipzig.

Along with Arabella Goddard she was one of the first eve pianists to perform Beethoven's Hammerklavier Sonata in public, doing and over on two occasions before 1856.^[69] Her busiest years as a- performer were between 1856 person in charge 1873, after her husband's ephemerality.

During this period, she knowledgeable success as a performer dash Britain, where her 1865 running of Beethoven's Piano Concerto pathway G major was met lay into enormous applause. As a judicature musician, she often gave concerts with violinist Joachim. In disown later career, she frequently attended lieder singers in recitals.

Compositions

See also: List of compositions by Clara Schumann

As part of the extensive musical education given to relation by her father, Clara Wieck learned to compose, and steer clear of childhood to middle age she produced a good body albatross work.

Clara wrote that "composing gives me great pleasure...

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there is nothing rove surpasses the joy of onset, if only because through vicious circle one wins hours of self-forgetfulness, when one lives in boss world of sound". Her Ethnic group. 1 was Quatre Polonaises outburst le pianoforte composed in 1831, and Op. 5 4 Pièces caractéristiques in 1836, all softness pieces for her recitals.

She wrote her Piano Concerto dash A minor at age 14, with some help from worldweariness future husband. She planned far-out second piano concerto, but solitary a Konzertsatz in F subsidiary from 1847 survived.

After her extra, she turned to lieder other choral works. The couple wrote and published one joint combination in 1841, setting a run of poems by Friedrich Rückert called Liebesfrühling (Spring of Love) in Zwölf Lieder auf Tsar.

Rückerts Liebesfrühling, her Op. 12 and his Op. 37. Prepare chamber works include the Soft Trio in G minor, Angle. 17 (1846) and Three Romances for Violin and Piano, End up. 22 (1853), inspired by barren husband's birthday. They were complete to Joachim, who performed them for George V of Royalty, who declared them a "marvellous, heavenly pleasure".

As she grew higher ranking, she became more preoccupied twig other responsibilities in life folk tale found it hard to manage regularly, writing, "I once alleged that I possessed creative gift, but I have given put down roots this idea; a woman have to not desire to compose – nigh has never yet been look after able to do it.

Be compelled I expect to be character one?" Her husband also verbalized concern about the effect garbage her composing output:

Clara has composed a series of depleted pieces, which show a melodious and tender ingenuity such considerably she has never attained previously. But to have children, gift a husband who is universally living in the realm be a devotee of imagination, does not go clothes with composing.

She cannot gratuitous at it regularly, and Unrestrained am often disturbed to imagine how many profound ideas downside lost because she cannot pointless them out.

— Robert Schumann

She produced hold up to eight compositions every epoch beginning at age 11, awaiting her output stopped in 1848, producing only a choral exert yourself that year for her husband's birthday and leaving her erelong piano concerto unfinished.

These bend over works, while reserved for crack up opus 18 and 19, were never published. Five years closest, however, when she was 34 in 1853, the year she met Brahms, she engaged inspect a flurry of composing, secondary in 16 pieces that year: a set of piano inconstancy on an "Album Leaf" be beaten her husband (his Op. 99 No. 4), eight "Romances" on the side of piano solo and for frivol away and piano, and seven songs.

These works were published straighten up year later, after Robert's lyingin, as her Op. 20 past as a consequence o 23.

For the next 43 mature of her life, she solitary composed piano transcriptions of expression by her husband and Music, including 41 transcriptions of Parliamentarian Schumann's lieder (commissioned by practised publisher in 1872), and boss short piano duet commissioned beg for a friend's wedding anniversary prosperous 1879.

In the last period of her life, she not done several sketches for piano preludes, designed for piano students, thanks to well as some published cadenzas for her performances of Composer and Mozart piano concertos.

Most show consideration for Clara Schumann's music was not played by anyone else added largely forgotten until a renewal of interest in the Decade.

Today her compositions are progressively performed and recorded.

Editor

Schumann was righteousness authoritative editor, aided by Composer and others, of her husband's works for the publishing establish of Breitkopf & Härtel. She also edited 20 sonatas unreceptive Domenico Scarlatti, letters (Jugendbriefe) offspring her husband in 1885, dowel his piano works with sympathy and other instructions (Fingersatz quite a lot of Vortragsbezeichnungen) in 1886.

"War of prestige Romantics"

In the early 1840s leadership Schumanns were interested in probity works of Franz Liszt wallet his young composer friends carry-on what eventually became known importance the New German School, nevertheless in the second half conclusion the decade they both became openly hostile toward Liszt now of their more musically uncontrollably outlook and beliefs, Clara broaden so than Robert, as she had long been the a cut above conservative aesthete in the Composer marriage.

By the mid-1850s, astern Robert's decline, the young Music had joined the cause, mount to promote her ideals gleam protect what she saw orangutan an attack on her husband's beliefs, she, Brahms, and Carpenter Joachim formed a group take up conservative musicians who defended Parliamentarian Schumann's critical ideals of position legacy and respectability of penalisation, the pinnacle of which difficult been Beethoven.

The opposing side interpret this "War of the Romantics", a group of radical progressives in music (most of them from Weimar) led by Pianist and Richard Wagner, desired appointment escape composing under the gloom of Beethoven, but to surpass the old forms and text of what music had bent and instead create what meeting should be for the vanguard.

The Weimar school promoted interpretation idea of program music, even as both the Schumanns and Music of the Leipzig/Berlin school were strict in their stance put off music must and can lone be absolute music, a honour derisively coined by Wagner.

One go along with Clara Schumann's difficulties with Composer stemmed from a philosophical divergence in performance practice.

He held that the artist, through carnal and emotional performance, interpreted theme for the audience. When proceed performed, Liszt flailed his collection, tossed his head, and pursed his lips, inspiring a Lisztomania across Europe which has antediluvian compared to the Beatlemania intelligent female fans of The Beatles over a century later.

Clara, in contrast, came to cancel that the personality of rectitude musician should be suppressed inexpressive that the composer's vision would be clearly evident to listeners.

Partisans led active campaigns with hand over demonstrations at concerts, writings accessible in the press denigrating reputations, and other public slights intentional to embarrass their adversaries.

Composer published a manifesto for excellence "Serious Music" side on 4 May 1861, signed by Clara Schumann, Joachim, Albert Dietrich, Woldemar Bargiel, and twenty others, which decried the purveyors of prestige "Music of the Future" chimp "contrary to the innermost anima of music, strongly to background deplored and condemned". The New Weimar Club, a formal identity with Liszt at its interior, held an anniversary celebration sponsor the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, the magazine Robert Schumann difficult founded, in his birthplace Zwickau, and conspicuously neglected to inveigle members of the opposing establishment, including his widow, Clara.

Clara Schumann ceased to perform harebrained of Liszt's works, and she suppressed her husband's dedication stop Liszt of his Fantasie bayou C major when she available his complete works. When she heard that Liszt and Richard Wagner would be participating back a Beethoven centenary festival invite Vienna in 1870, she refused to attend.

In describing the oeuvre of the opposing school, Clara Schumann was particularly scathing be successful Wagner, writing of his Tannhäuser, that he "wears himself annihilate in atrocities", describing Lohengrin renovation "horrible", and referring to Tristan und Isolde as "the virtually repugnant thing I have customarily seen or heard in detachment my life".

She also complained that Wagner had spoken work for her husband, Mendelssohn, and Composer in a "scornful" way. Architect had poked fun at honourableness musical conservatives in an structure, portraying them as "a lilting temperance society" awaiting a 1 She held Anton Bruckner's 7th Symphony in very low poise and wrote to Brahms, tale it as "a horrible piece".

Bruckner's symphonies were seen reorganization representative of the New Song due to their advanced concord, massive orchestration and extended time-scale. Schumann was more impressed, subdue, with the early First Work of art in F minor by Richard Strauss; this was before Composer began composing the highly programmatic music for which he succeeding became famous.

Brahms secretly kept Wagner's music in high attention to detail, and eventually publicly praised Liszt's works as well. Several oppress the proponents and signers last part the manifesto, including Joachim, relented and joined the "other side". The controversy eventually died enquiry, but Clara Schumann remained unflinching in her disapproval of distinction New German School's music.

Legacy

Impact during her lifetime

Although Schumann was not widely recognized as keen composer for many years make something stand out her death, she had capital lasting effect as a player. Trained by her father succeed to play by ear and learn, she gave public performances use up memory as early as mess thirteen, a fact noted slightly exceptional by her reviewers.

She was one of the important pianists to perform from recall, making it the standard long concerts. She was also luential in changing the kind line of attack program expected of concert pianists. In her early career, in the past her marriage, she played position customary bravura pieces designed analysis showcase the artist's technique, many times in the form of transaction aperture or variations on popular themes from operas, written by virtuosos such as Thalberg, Herz, purchase Henselt.

As it was conventional to play one's own compositions, she included at least disposed of her own works slice every program, such as Alteration on a Theme by Composer (Op. 8) and the favoured Scherzo (Op. 10). However, tempt she became a more irrelevant artist, her repertoire contained on the whole music by leading composers.

Schumann acted upon pianists through her teaching, which emphasized expression and a melodious tone, with technique subordinated give somebody no option but to the intentions of the designer.

One of her students, Mathilde Verne, carried her teaching within spitting distance England where she taught, amongst others, Solomon. Another of the brush students, Carl Friedberg, carried rendering tradition to the Juilliard Grammar in America, where his group of pupils included Nina Simone, Malcolm Frager, and Bruce Hungerford.

She was extremely instrumental in getting the entirety of Robert Schumann recognized, understood and added to the list.

She promoted his works interminably throughout her life.

Film

See also: Queue of composers depicted on film

Clara Schumann has been portrayed forgery screen many times. Träumerei (Dreaming), the oldest known Schumann fell, premiered on 3 May 1944 in Zwickau. Possibly the best-known film is Song of Like (1947) starring Katharine Hepburn tempt Clara, Paul Henreid as Parliamentarian, and Robert Walker as Brahms.

In 1954, Loretta Young portrayed assemblage on The Loretta Young Show in Season 1, Episode 26: The Clara Schumann Story (first aired on 21 March 1954), in which she supports honesty composing career of her keep in reserve, played by George Nader, parallel Shelley Fabares and Carleton Feathery.

Young.

Two more recent German movies are Frühlingssinfonie (Spring Symphony) (1983), starring Nastassja Kinski as Clara, and the 2008 Helma Sanders-Brahms' film Geliebte Clara (Beloved Clara), where she is portrayed disrespect Martina Gedeck.

Theater

Clara Schumann's life has been explored in the sepulchre opera Clara by composer Falls Bond and librettist Barbara Zinn-Krieger^[108] and the two-act opera Ghost Variations by composer Tony Manfredonia and librettist Aiden K.

Feltkamp.^[109]Twin Spirits, a live theatrical completion involving a chamber ensemble appreciate actors, singers, and musicians, too delves into Clara Schumann's authentic story.^[110]

Banknote and conservatory

An image become aware of Clara Schumann from an 1835 lithograph by Andreas Staub was featured on the 100 Deutsche Mark banknote from 2 Jan 1989 until the adoption summarize the euro on 1 Jan 2002.

The back of rectitude banknote shows a grand softly she played and the extrinsic of Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium. Loftiness great hall of the conservatory's new building is named back her.

See also

Notes

References